# Botulinum Toxin A Treatment for Primary Hemifacial Spasm

**Type:** Papers  
**Canonical URL:** https://scholariq.org/papers/botulinum-toxin-a-treatment-for-primary-hemifacial-spasm/

## Facts

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Author Names | Giovanni Defazio,Giovanni Abbruzzese,Paolo Girlanda,Laura Vacca,Antonio Currà,Roberto Salvia,Roberta Marchese,R. Reverete Raineri,Francesco Roselli,Paolo Livrea,Alfredo Berardelli |
| Citations | 168 |
| DOI | 10.1001/archneur.59.3.418 |
| Fields | Medicine |
| Open Access | false |
| OA Status | closed |
| OpenAlex ID | https://openalex.org/W2110018721 |
| PMID | 11890846 |
| Type | article |
| Year | 2002 |

## Paper authors

- [Giovanni Defazio](https://scholariq.org/researchers/giovanni-defazio/)

## Paper journal

- [Archives of Neurology](https://scholariq.org/journals/archives-of-neurology/)

## Paper primary topic

- [Trigeminal Neuralgia and Treatments](https://scholariq.org/topics/trigeminal-neuralgia-and-treatments/)

## Paper topics

- [Trigeminal Neuralgia and Treatments](https://scholariq.org/topics/trigeminal-neuralgia-and-treatments/)
- [Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders](https://scholariq.org/topics/botulinum-toxin-and-related-neurological-disorders/)
- [Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research](https://scholariq.org/topics/facial-nerve-paralysis-treatment-and-research/)

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Source: ScholarIQ — public research metadata, principally OpenAlex. See https://scholariq.org/sources/ for provenance and https://scholariq.org/methodology/ for what these figures mean.