# Direct stimulation of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, IFN-γ and GM-CSF) in whole blood. I. Comparison with isolated PBMC stimulation

**Type:** Papers  
**Canonical URL:** https://scholariq.org/papers/direct-stimulation-of-cytokines-il-1-tnf-il-6-il-2-ifn-and-gm-csf-in-whole-blood/

## Facts

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Author Names | D De Groote,P.F. Zangerle,Y. Gevaert,Marie‐France Fassotte,Yves Béguin,F. Noizat‐Pirenne,Jacques Pirenne,R. Gathy,M. Lopez,I. Dehart,D. Igot,M. Baudrihaye,Dominique L. Delacroix,P Franchimont |
| Citations | 473 |
| DOI | 10.1016/1043-4666(92)90062-v |
| Fields | Immunology and Microbiology |
| Open Access | false |
| OA Status | closed |
| OpenAlex ID | https://openalex.org/W2295367859 |
| PMID | 1498259 |
| Type | article |
| Year | 1992 |

## Paper authors

- [Jacques Pirenne](https://scholariq.org/researchers/jacques-pirenne/)

## Paper journal

- [Cytokine](https://scholariq.org/journals/cytokine/)

## Paper primary topic

- [Immune Response and Inflammation](https://scholariq.org/topics/immune-response-and-inflammation/)

## Paper topics

- [Immune Response and Inflammation](https://scholariq.org/topics/immune-response-and-inflammation/)
- [T-cell and B-cell Immunology](https://scholariq.org/topics/t-cell-and-b-cell-immunology/)
- [Immune Cell Function and Interaction](https://scholariq.org/topics/immune-cell-function-and-interaction/)

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Source: ScholarIQ — public research metadata, principally OpenAlex. See https://scholariq.org/sources/ for provenance and https://scholariq.org/methodology/ for what these figures mean.