Vita-Salute San Raffaele University

Authors/Task Force Members:, Joep Perk, Guy De Backer, H. Gohlke, Ian Graham, Željko Reiner, Monique Verschuren, Christian Albus, Pascale Benlian, G. Boysen, Renata Cífková, Christi Deaton, S. Ebrahim, Michael Fisher, Giuseppe Germanò, Richard Hobbs, A. Hoes, S. Karadeniz, Alessandro Mezzani, Eva Prescott, Lars Rydén, M. Scherer, Mikko Syvänne, Wilma J.M. Scholte op Reimer, Christian Vrints, David Wood, José Luis Zamorano, F Zannad, Other experts who contributed to parts of the guidelines:, Marie Therese Cooney, Jeroen J. Bax, H. Baumgartner, Claudio Ceconi, V. Dean, Christi Deaton, Robert Fagard, Christian Funck‐Brentano, David Hasdai, A. Hoes, Paulus Kirchhof, Juhani Knuuti, Philippe Kolh, Theresa A. McDonagh, Bruno Moulin, Bogdan A. Popescu, Z. Reiner, U Sechtem, P. A. Sirnes, Michał Tendera, Adam Torbicki, A. Vahanian, Stephan Windecker, Document Reviewers, Christian Funck‐Brentano, P. A. Sirnes, Victor Aboyans, Eduardo Alegría Ezquerra, Colin Baigent, Carlos Brotons, G. Burell, Antonio Ceriello, Johan De Sutter, J. Deckers, Stefano Del Prato, H.‐C. Diener, Donna Fitzsimons, Zlatko Fras, Rainer Hambrecht, Piotr Jankowski, U Keil, Mike Kirby, Mogens Lytken Larsen, Giuseppe Mancia, Athanasios Manolis, John J.V. McMurray, A. Pajak, Alexander Parkhomenko, Loukianos Rallidis, Fausto Rigo, Evangelista Rocha, Luís M. Ruilope, Enno T. van der Velde, Diego Vanuzzo, Margus Viigimaa, Massimo Volpe, Olov Wiklund, C. Wolpert

Juhani Knuuti, William Wijns, Antti Saraste, Davide Capodanno, Emanuele Barbato, Christian Funck‐Brentano, Eva Prescott, Robert F. Storey, Christi Deaton, Thomas Cuisset, Stefan Agewall, Kenneth Dickstein, Thor Edvardsen, Javier Escaned, Bernard J. Gersh, Pavel Svítil, Martine Gilard, David Hasdai, Róbert Hatala, Felix Mahfoud, Josep Masip, Claudio Muneretto, Marco Valgimigli, Stephan Achenbach, Jeroen J. Bax, ESC Scientific Document Group, Franz-Josef Neumann, Udo Sechtem, Adrian Banning, Nikolaos Bonaros, Héctor Bueno, Raffaele Bugiardini, Alaide Chieffo, Filippo Crea, Martin Czerny, Victoria Delgado, Paul Dendale, Frank A. Flachskampf, H. Gohlke, Erik Lerkevang Grove, Stefan James, Demosthenes G. Katritsis, Ulf Landmesser, Maddalena Lettino, Christian M. Matter, Hendrik M. Nathoe, Alexander Niessner, Carlo Patrono, Anna Sonia Petronio, S. Pettersen, Raffaele Piccolo, Massimo Piepoli, Bogdan A Popescu, Lorenz Räber, Dimitrios Richter, Marco Roffi, Franz Xaver Roithinger, Е. V. Shlyakhto, Dirk Sibbing, Sigmund Silber, Iain Simpson, Miguel Sousa‐Uva, Panos Vardas, Adam Witkowski, Jose Luis Zamorano, Stephan Achenbach, Stefan Agewall, Emanuele Barbato, Jeroen J. Bax, Davide Capodanno, Thomas Cuisset, Christi Deaton, Kenneth Dickstein, Thor Edvardsen, Javier Escaned, Christian Funck‐Brentano, Bernard J Gersh, Martine Gilard, David Hasdai, Róbert Hatala, Felix Mahfoud, Josep Masip, Claudio Muneretto, Eva Prescott, Antti Saraste, Robert F. Storey, Pavel Svitil, Marco Valgimigli, Stephan Windecker, Victor Aboyans, Colin Baigent, Jean-Philippe Collet, Veronica Dean, Victoria Delgado, Donna Fitzsimons, Chris P Gale, Diederick E. Grobbee, Sigrun Halvorsen, Gerhard Hindricks, Bernard Iung

Helmut Baumgartner, Volkmar Falk, Jeroen J. Bax, Michele De Bonis, Christian W. Hamm, Per Johan Holm, Bernard Iung, Patrizio Lancellotti, Emmanuel Lansac, Daniel Muñoz, Raphaël Rosenhek, Johan Sjögren, Pilar Tornos Mas, Alec Vahanian, Thomas Walther, Olaf Wendler, Stephan Windecker, José Luis Zamorano, ESC Scientific Document Group, Marco Roffi, Ottavio Alfieri, Stefan Agewall, Anders Ahlsson, Emanuele Barbato, Héctor Bueno, Jean-Philippe Collet, Ioan Mircea Coman, Martin Czerny, Victoria Delgado, Donna Fitzsimons, Thierry Folliguet, Oliver Gaemperli, Gilbert Habib, Wolfgang Harringer, Michael Haude, Gerhard Hindricks, Hugo A. Katus, Juhani Knuuti, Philippe Kolh, Christophe Leclercq, Theresa A. McDonagh, Massimo Francesco Piepoli, Luc Piérard, Piotr Ponikowski, Giuseppe Rosano, Frank Ruschitzka, Е. V. Shlyakhto, Iain A. Simpson, Miguel Sousa‐Uva, Janina Stępińska, Giuseppe Tarantini, Didier Tchétché, Victor Aboyans, Stephan Windecker, Victor Aboyans, Stefan Agewall, Emanuele Barbato, Héctor Bueno, António Coca, Jean-Philippe Collet, Ioan Mircea Coman, Verónica Dean, Victoria Delgado, Donna Fitzsimons, Oliver Gaemperli, Gerhard Hindricks, Bernard Iung, Peter Jüni, Hugo A. Katus, Juhani Knuuti, Patrizio Lancellotti, Christophe Leclercq, Theresa A. McDonagh, Massimo Francesco Piepoli, Piotr Ponikowski, Dimitrios Richter, Marco Roffi, Е. V. Shlyakhto, Iain A. Simpson, José Luis Zamorano, H Kzhdryan, Julia Mascherbauer, Fuad Samadov, Vadim Shumavets, Guy Van Camp, Daniela Lončar, Daniel Lovrić, Γεώργιος Γεωργίου, Kateřina Linhartová, Nikolaj Ihlemann, Magdy Abdelhamid, Teele Pern, Anu Turpeinen, Elizabeta Srbinovska‐Kostovska, Ariel Cohen, Zviad Bakhutashvili, Hüseyin İnce, Manolis Vavuranakis, A Temesvári, Þórarinn Guðnason

Giacomo Grasselli, Alberto Zangrillo, Alberto Zanella, Massimo Antonelli, Luca Cabrini, Antonio Castelli, Danilo Cereda, Antonio Coluccello, Giuseppe Foti, Roberto Fumagalli, Giorgio Antonio Iotti, Nicola Latronico, Ferdinando Luca Lorini, Stefano Merler, Giuseppe Natalini, Alessandra Piatti, Marco Vito Ranieri, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Enrico Storti, Maurizio Cecconi, Antonio Pesenti, COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network, Emiliano Agosteo, Valentina Alaimo, Giovanni Albano, A. Albertin, Armando Alborghetti, Giorgio Aldegheri, Benvenuto Antonini, Enrico Barbara, Nicolangela Belgiorno, Mirko Belliato, Annalisa Benini, Enrico Beretta, Leonardo Bianciardi, Stefano Bonazzi, Massimo Borelli, Enrico Boselli, Nicola Bronzini, Carlo Capra, Livio Carnevale, Giampaolo Casella, Gianpaolo Castelli, E Catena, Sergio Cattaneo, Davide Chiumello, Silvia Cirri, Giuseppe Citerio, Sergio Colombo, Davide Coppini, Alberto Corona, Paolo Cortellazzi, Elena Costantini, Remo Daniel Covello, Gianluca De Filippi, Marco Poli, Federica Mura, Giulia Evasi, Raquel Fernandez-Olmos, Andrea Forastieri Molinari, Marco Galletti, G Gallioli, Marco Gemma, Paolo Gnesin, Lorenzo Grazioli, Stefano Greco, Paolo Gritti, Paolo Grosso, Luca Guatteri, Davide Guzzon, Fabiola Harizay, Roberto Keim, Giovanni Landoni, Thomas Länger, Andrea Lombardo, Annalisa Malara, Elena Malpetti, Francesco Marino, Giovanni Marino, Maurizio Mazzoni, Guido Merli, Antonio Micucci, Francesco Mojoli, Stefano Muttini, Adriana Nailescu, Mauro Panigada, Paolo Perazzo, Giovanni Battista Perego, Nicola Petrucci, Angelo Pezzi, Alessandro Protti, Danilo Radrizzani, Maurizio Raimondi, Marco Ranucci, Frank Rasulo, Mario Riccio, Roberto J. Rona, Claudio Roscitano, Patrizia Ruggeri, Antonello Sala

Authors/Task Force Members, A. John Camm, Paulus Kirchhof, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Ulrich Schotten, Irene Savelieva, Sabine Ernst, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Nawwar Al‐Attar, Gerhard Hindricks, Bernard Prendergast, Hein Heidbüchel, Ottavio Alfieri, Annalisa Angelini, Dan Atar, Paolo Colonna, Raffaele De Caterina, Johan De Sutter, Andreas Goette, Bülent Görenek, Magnus Heldal, Stefan H. Hohloser, Philippe Kolh, J.‐Y. Le Heuzey, Piotr Ponikowski, Frans H. Rutten, Alec Vahanian, Angelo Auricchio, Jeroen J. Bax, Claudio Ceconi, V. Dean, Gerasimos Filippatos, Christian Funck‐Brentano, Richard Hobbs, Patricia M. Kearney, Theresa A. McDonagh, Bogdan A. Popescu, Željko Reiner, Udo Sechtem, Per Anton Sirnes, Michał Tendera, P. E. Vardas, Petr Widimský, Document Reviewers, P. E. Vardas, Vazha Agladze, E Aliot, T. Balabanski, Carina Blomström‐Lundqvist, Alessandro Capucci, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Björn Dahlöf, Thierry Folliguet, Michael Glikson, Marnix Goethals, Dietrich C. Gulba, Siew Yen Ho, Robert J.M. Klautz, Sedat Köse, John J.V. McMurray, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Pekka Raatikainen, M. J. Salvador, Martin J. Schalij, A. Shpektor, João de Sousa, Janina Stępińska, Hasso Uuetoa, José Luis Zamorano, Igor Zupan